Form

If + past perfect + would have + past participle

Functions and examples

We use the third conditional to imagine a different past.

If I had done my homework, my teacher wouldn't have shouted at me.
-- In reality, I didn't do my homework, and my teacher shouted at me. So we are imagining a different past

She would have passed her exam if she had studied more.
-- In reality she didn't study enough, and so she didn't pass her exam. So we are imagining a different past

Important points

1. We can use other modal verbs in place of 'would'.

If they'd come earlier, they could have got a seat.
-- In reality, they didn't come early, and they didn't get a seat. In our different past, there was a possibility of a seat

2. Mixed conditional: if + past perfect + would + bare infinitive
Sometimes we want to say that the result of an action is now.

If it hadn't rained, I would have gone to the beach.
-- In reality, it rained in the past, and I didn't go to the beach in the past

If it hadn't rained, I would be at the beach / would be sitting on the beach.
-- In reality, it rained in the past, and I am not at the beach now. This is a mixed conditional

There are three types of conditional sentences. But now, I will tell you only types of conditional sentence first.

1. Expressing Possibilities

If + simple Present, S + Will

The pattern above is used when you think about a real possibility in the present and future.

Examples:

¨ If you know the function of these buttons, you will certainly understand how to use them

¨ If I have time, I will learn how to browse on the internet

2. Expressing Imaginary Situation

If + simple Past, S + Would

When what you say is unreal (never happens now nor in the future) you use past tense

Examples:

¨ If I used the internet chat, I would get some e-friends

(It means you don’t use the internet chat)

¨ If I were a rich man, I would build a cozy house

(It means you are not rich)

Note:

Were is used for both singular and plural subjects

Examples:

If Agung were a wise man, he would be a good leader

If you were an artist, you would be a famous person

See also: Third conditional

I work at Guwang Art Market. I have been working there for 10 months. I sell paintings there. I work with my brother. I sell many kinds of paintings there

Guwang Art Market is located on Guwang Village in Sukawati district. The distance is not so far from Denpasar. It’s about 20 minutes if you ride a motorbike.

I work every day there. I work from 08.00AM until 05.00PM on Monday until Friday and 08.00AM until 06.00PM on Saturday until Sunday.

The kinds of paintings that I sell such as abstract, decorative, realist, traditional paintings and est. This month the visitors are quite, but in month July, November and December there are a lot of visitors.

If you come to Guwang art Market. Please, come by to my work place.

Form

Functions and examples

1. We use the future perfect to say that an action or event will be complete at a specific time in the future.

I will have finished my project by the weekend. (by = not later than)
This time next year I will have graduated.

2. We use the future perfect to predict the present.

Don't bother going to see him, he'll have left.

Form

Functions and examples

1. We use the future continuous to say that an action will be in progress at a specific time in the future.

This time on Thursday I'll be flying to Thailand.
In two hours she'll be leaving work.

2. We use the future continuous to predict the present.

Don't call him now, he'll be sleeping.

3. We use the future continuous to make polite enquiries about someone's plans -- without wishing to influence those plans

Will you be watching TV this evening? -- you simply want to know if the TV will be free

See also: Future perfect

Functions and examples - will

1. We use 'will' to give or ask for information or facts about the future.

Her parents will be here in about an hour.
All her friends will come to her wedding.

2. We use 'will' for plans or decisions made at the time of speaking.

"We need some paper for the photocopier." "Okay, I'll go and get some."
"What would you like to eat?" "I'll have a pizza please."

3. We use 'will' to predict the future.

I think it will rain tomorrow.
Al Pacino will win the award for Best Actor.
Do you think Brazil will win the World Cup?

4. We use 'will' to predict the present.

Don't phone her now, she'll be busy.

5. We use 'will' to offer to do something.

I'll take you to the airport tomorrow.
That suitcase looks heavy, I'll carry it for you.

6. We use 'will' to agree to do something.

Okay, I'll come with you

7. We use 'will' to promise to do something.

I promise I won't tell anyone you broke the window

8. We use 'will' to make requests (or give orders).

Will you open the door for me please?
Will you marry me?
Will you shut up please?

9. We use 'will' to refuse to do something or talk about refusals.

No, I won't cook your dinner, you can cook it yourself.
I've asked him but he won't do it.

Functions and examples - going to

1. We use 'going to' for plans or decisions made before speaking.

Is John coming home soon? - Yes, I'm going to meet him at the airport tomorrow.
I'm going to watch TV in a minute, because my favourite programme is on.

2. We use 'going to' to predict the future based on present evidence.

Look at the sky. It's going to rain soon.
Germany have just scored. England are going to lose again.

Form

Question
Am I going to play?
Are you going to play?
Is he/she/it going to play?
Are we going to play?
Are you going to play?
Are they going to play?


See also: Future continuous / Future perfect